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- <text id=90TT1293>
- <link 90TT3419>
- <link 90TT1842>
- <title>
- May 21, 1990: Albania:And Then There Were None
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- May 21, 1990 John Sununu:Bush' Bad Cop
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 37
- ALBANIA
- And Then There Were None
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Reform comes to Europe's last Stalinist state
- </p>
- <p> Despite the calendar, the revolutions of 1989 have not yet
- ended. As one East bloc regime after another was shaken by
- political change last fall, only one Communist government in
- Europe managed to withstand the political earthquake unscathed.
- Now, nearly six months later, the leadership of tiny Albania
- is finally loosening its ultra-orthodox Stalinist grip. Last
- week the legislature in Tirana voted a series of political and
- legal reforms that may mark the beginning of the end of decades
- of repression and isolation.
- </p>
- <p> The Continent's poorest and most backward country, Albania
- is a wedge of Balkan territory on the southern Adriatic coast
- between Yugoslavia and Greece. An agrarian land where workers
- earn an average wage of $85 a month, the country is as rigid
- economically as it is politically. Albania even broke relations
- with the Soviet Union in 1961 and China in 1978 after those
- powers experimented with early liberalization programs. Since
- he succeeded the late dictator Enver Hohxa in 1985, President
- Ramiz Alia, 65, has only gradually modified the most egregious
- of his predecessor's restrictive policies.
- </p>
- <p> The laws approved at last week's two-day session of the
- 250-member People's Assembly are something different. In its
- most symbolic decree, the legislature announced that for the
- first time since the Communist takeover in 1944, Albanians
- would have the right to travel abroad freely. Although many of
- the country's citizens are too poor to go anywhere, the
- previous restrictions rankled. The new ruling also apparently
- means that Albanian emigres will have the right to go home on
- visits, and thousands are already making plans to do so. In
- addition, the Assembly abolished a 24-year-old ban on religious
- practices, which presumably will mean the reopening of Islamic
- mosques as well as Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches
- that have been used in the Communist era as everything from
- museums to sports clubs.
- </p>
- <p> Taking important legal steps, the government reestablished
- the Ministry of Justice, which had been abolished in 1966, and
- put an Alia aide in charge of it. Suspected criminals were
- granted the right to an attorney from the time of arrest, and
- the number of capital offenses was reduced from 34 to eleven.
- Says Nicholas Pano, an Albanian specialist at Western Illinois
- University: "Albania is serious about shedding its Stalinist
- heritage."
- </p>
- <p> Behind the announcement of domestic reforms is President
- Alia's desire to re-establish Albania's long-dormant relations
- with most of the outside world. Deputy Prime Minister Manush
- Myftiu told last week's legislative session, for example, that
- the government wants to join the 35-nation Conference on
- Security and Cooperation in Europe. Before it could have done
- that, however, it had to endorse some of CSCE's basic
- human-rights requirements, including freedom of travel and
- other civil rights guarantees. Even the United Nations is
- looking anew at Albania: Secretary-General Javier Perez de
- Cuellar made his first visit to Tirana last week. In Washington
- a State Department spokeswoman has declared optimistically that
- "the door is open to the resumption of diplomatic relations"
- between the U.S. and Albania. Though the process has only
- begun, it seems clear that last year's political tremors
- accomplished what decades of isolation failed to do: convince
- Tirana that it is time to come in from the cold.
- </p>
- <p>By Sally B. Donnelly. Reported by Cathy Booth/Rome.
- </p>
- <p>OPENING MOVES
- </p>
- <p> The Albanian People's Assembly last week:
- </p>
- <p>-- granted all citizens the right to travel abroad.
- </p>
- <p>-- abolished restrictions on the practice of religion.
- </p>
- <p>-- allowed all suspects the right to an attorney.
- </p>
- <p>-- called for membership in the 35-nation Conference on
- Security and Cooperation in Europe.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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